SCHOOL ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT #38

MASTER PLAN FOR STAFF DEVELOPMENT

2001 - 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction Page 3
General Information For Developing Individual Staff Development Programs Page 4
The Goals and Functions of the Staff Development Committee Page 5
SAU #38 Staff Development Committee Page 6
Terms of Office Page 6
Responsibilities of Officers and Members of the Committee Page 7
Statement of Purpose Page 9
Goal Setting Page 10
Process for Identifying Student Learning Needs Page 12
Curriculum Development and Professional Development Page 13
Teacher Competencies Page 15
Professional Development Plans and Acceptable Activities (Plan 1) Page 16
Alternative to Professional Development Plan (Plan 2) Page 22
Individual Educator Growth and School Program Improvement Page 23
Knowledge of Field and of Learners and Learning Page 27
Ongoing Evaluation Component Page 28
Paraprofessional Certification Page 30
Glossary Page 31
Professional Growth Plan (download - Word 97) Page 32
Professional Development Application/Activity Approval Form (download - Word 97) Page 33
Annotated Bibliography Page 34

 

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 2

INTRODUCTION

The local Staff Development Committee is an advisory group, which shall prepare a master plan for the recertification of all certified staff members. Once prepared, the master plan must meet with the approval of the Superintendent of Schools, the School Administrative Unit Board, and the State Board of Education. If the master plan is disapproved by any one of the above three parties, the master plan is returned to the Staff Development Committee for modification.

The Staff Development Committee recognizes the necessity of developing a plan that will meet the ever-changing needs of both the students and professional staff and the goals of the school, district, and SAU; therefore, such a plan has to be flexible with sufficient alternatives to handle individual and institutional needs, and structured to provide the professional growth for small and large groups of teachers.

All staff members are encouraged to continue beyond the minimum requirement for the three-year recertification period. The seventy-five clock hour requirement may be completed at any time during the three-year period. Recertification credit hours may not be carried over from one three-year plan to another. Professional staff members whose credentials expire in a given year shall have accrued their total clock-hour requirements of approved staff development activities prior to being renominated and/or reelected to teach the following year. Clock hours accrued after renomination and/or reelection by the School Board may be counted toward the next three-year recertification cycle that will commence on July 1 of that same calendar year.

Staff members new to SAU #38 may transfer recertification clock hours accumulated in other school districts and will have a proportional amount of time to complete the remainder of the required recertification credits. Additional clock hours in specified areas may be required as a condition of employment and will be determined by the Superintendent before the issuance of a contract.

SAU #38 will provide a variety of professional development activities at little or no cost to assist staff members in meeting these requirements. In the event that local programs will not fulfill the need of a particular individual, it is the responsibility of that individual to have that need fulfilled elsewhere. The Staff Development Committee will assist each staff member, whenever possible, to meet these requirements.

The committee shall prepare an annual faculty needs assessment/professional development appraisal for SAU #38. The committee shall plan programs for recertification to meet individual, school, district, and SAU goals by using the results of this document, a review of various completed forms, the proposed growth plans of staff members, and supervisors’ assessments of professional development needs.

 

 

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GENERAL INFORMATION FOR DEVELOPING INDIVIDUAL STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

1. All staff members should familiarize themselves with the recertification requirements as outlined in this staff development manual and those of the State of New Hampshire.

2. In planning individual programs, all staff members should carefully assess their skills and competencies related to the areas in which they are working and to school, district, and SAU goals. They should be able to delineate both their strong areas and areas needing improvement.

3. Once staff members have proceeded through the self-assessment stage, they should formulate their individual goals for self-improvement as they relate to school, district, and SAU goals during the next three-year period and complete their Professional Growth Plan form.

4. Once the Professional Growth Plan is completed, all staff members should confer with their immediate supervisors. The purpose of such a conference is to reach an agreement between the staff member and the supervisor that the self-assessment was realistic and related to the staff member’s professional goals and the school, district, and SAU goals.

5. The three-year plan must include a minimum of 75-clock hours unless they have two (2) or more endorsements, in which case30 additional hours will be required for each additional endorsement. Methods of attaining the educational goals of a staff member may be any of the alternative methods described in the staff development guide. Goals should be planned carefully with the staff member’s supervisors, since their approval is a necessary part of this process. For those individuals requiring more than 135 -clock hours every three (3) years, the Superintendent of Schools may submit an amended staff development plan to the Administrator of the Bureau of Teacher Education and Professional Standards to extend the period up to six (6) years, or two (2) certification periods, for that portion of the individual’s staff development plan that exceeds 135-clock hours.

6.Upon completion of each out-of-district or ongoing activity (or at the end of the school year in which recertification hours for committee work is to be requested), staff members will submit a Professional Development Application/Activity Approval form. Staff members will use this form to reflect on the activity’s value as it relates to their professional growth and development and has an impact on students’ learning and the benefits derived from the activity.

This form will be submitted to the staff member’s immediate supervisor for approval (or pre-approval in the case of ongoing activities). All Professional Development Application/Activity Approval forms are completed in triplicate - one copy for the staff member, for the immediate supervisor, and for the staff development plan. All copies must have a signature indicating approval of the supervisor. All requests for approval of activities must be submitted to the SAU office within six (6) months of the date of the activity.

If staff members are uncertain of an activity’s applicability to their staff development plan and/or school, district, or SAU goals, they should request prior approval from their immediate supervisor. The supervisor will review the Professional Development Application/Activity Approval form and accept or reject hours based on the activity’s application to the individual staff member’s staff development plan.

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 4

7. Teachers who are employed by the district and who are teaching for the first time will formulate their goals for staff development in the fall of the school year. These goals, however, will be tentative until April 15 of the school year, at which time they may be modified or changed with the approval of the teacher’s supervisors.

8. Certified staff members may add additional goals to their three-year recertification program with the approval of their supervisors.

9. Teachers who receive a probationary contract may be required to complete more than seventy-five hours in a three-year period and/or may be required to complete a pre-determined number of clock hours during that year of probation.

10. Each staff member will complete a staff development survey/ professional development appraisal annually. The results of this survey/professional development appraisal are used to support and help plan professional development activities for the ensuing year.

 

THE GOALS OF THE STAFF DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

1. Recommend a program of professional growth with sufficient alternatives so that each teacher and supervisor may improve those skills and competencies that affect the learning process and have an impact on student learning.

2. Increase the teacher’s knowledge of the learning process so that each child receives an education based on his or her unique needs, interests, and abilities.

3. Develop the necessary tools to identify the educational needs of the School Administrative Unit (SAU), provide programs to meet those needs, and adopt instruments to assess the effectiveness of these programs.

FUNCTIONS

The functions of the Staff Development Committee may include the following:

1. To prepare the Staff Development Master Plan for all certified educators in SAU #38 and to update such a plan to meet the changing needs of the students, the teachers, and the community.

2. To conduct an annual faculty needs assessment/ professional development appraisal to be used in the planning and implementation of professional development programs. To conduct a district and student needs assessment. To review feedback from supervisors on staff members’ needs to meet school, district, and/or SAU goals.

3. To plan professional development programs for staff members with the assistance of needs assessment surveys/professional development appraisals.

4. To evaluate professional development programs, make recommendations for improvement, and explore other methods of recertification.

5. To create and maintain a working relationship with other SAU Staff Development Committees, the State Department of Education, and the Council for Teacher Education.

6. To serve as an advisory board at any phase of any level in the development of professional growth programs in SAU #38.

 

 

 

SAU #38 STAFF DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Membership

The Staff Development Committee shall consist of 22 members:

School Board Members - There will be one school board member from Hinsdale, one from Winchester, and one from Monadnock Regional School District.

Teachers -

Hinsdale - One elementary, one secondary (7-12)

Winchester - One elementary, one secondary (7-12)

Monadnock - Gilsum, Sullivan, Surry - one member

Troy and Fitzwilliam - one member each

Mt. Caesar and Cutler - one member each

Monadnock Regional High School - two members

Parents - There will be one parent from Hinsdale, one from Winchester, and one from Monadnock Regional. The appropriate school board will conduct the election of the parent representative.

Principals - There will be one high school principal and one elementary school principal.

Administration - There will be one representative from the SAU #38 office.

Service Personnel - There will be one service person from the SAU #38 office.

Students - There may be one voting representative on the committee. A student from each of two remaining high schools may serve as ex officio members of the committee. In case of resignation, the peer group shall elect a successor.

 

Definitions - Membership Qualifications

Students - A student is defined as a full-time student in one of the three high schools. The voting student member shall be rotated among the three high schools after each one-year term.

Service Personnel - Service personnel are defined as those persons who are certified by the State Department of Education and who provide services (such as art, music, reading, physical education), along guidance personnel.

Vacancies - In the event of a vacancy, the SAU #38 office shall notify the appropriate peer group to elect a new member as soon as possible.

Officers - The officers of the Staff Development Committee shall consist of a chairperson, a vice-chairperson, and a recording secretary.

 

Terms of Office

Officers - The officers of the Staff Development Committee shall be elected for a term of one year. Elections shall take place in June or at the last regular meeting of the committee of any school year.

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 6

Members - Each member shall be elected for a term of three years with the exception of a student, who will serve one year. Immediately following the expiration of each term of office, the SAU #38 office will notify the respective peer group. The member whose term has been expired may continue to serve, or a new successor will be elected as soon as possible. In the case of a resignation, a successor shall be elected to fulfill the remaining portion of that term.

Meetings - Staff Development Committee meetings will be held on a monthly basis. Additional meetings will be held when necessary.

Responsibilities of Officers of the Staff Development Committee

A simple majority of the committee as a whole shall elect all officers.

Chairperson

  • The chairperson shall be the presiding officer of the Staff Development Committee and shall conduct all meetings of the committee.
  • The chairperson shall prepare an agenda to be sent to members of the Staff Development Committee in advance of the scheduled meeting.
  • The chairperson shall recognize members entitled to be heard and shall put to vote all questions that arise from the proceedings.
  • The chairperson shall decide all questions of order unless the chairperson prefers to submit the question to a decision of the members, at which time a simple majority shall be sufficient.
  • The chairperson shall authenticate by signature all acts and proceedings of the Committee as required and shall arrange the methods by which members shall inform their peer groups.
  • The chairperson has the power to limit debate on issues unless a simple majority of the members present wish to continue such debate. The chairperson may call a brief recess, if necessary, to expedite the business at hand and to allow for clarification of issues among individuals on the Committee.
  • The chairperson may appoint such subcommittees as are deemed necessary with the approval of the Committee, with all reports submitted to the Committee as a whole for approval.
  • The chairperson may call special meetings whenever necessary.

 

Vice-Chairperson

  • The vice-chairperson shall preside and assume the responsibilities in the chairperson’s absence. In addition, the vice-chairperson shall be in charge of public relations for the Staff Development Committee and shall make public through local news media such information as determined by the committee.

 

Secretary

  • The secretary shall keep all minutes of the Committee, recording actions and votes taken at each meeting.
  • The secretary shall record the essentials of each meeting that shall include no less than the time and place, attendance, approval or corrections of previous minutes, and motions and action taken, and time of adjournment. The secretary shall record those non-members speaking to the Committee, their concerns, and actions taken by the Committee.
  • The secretary shall send minutes of each meeting to each school in SAU #38 to be posted and also to each member of the Committee.
  • The secretary shall conduct any necessary correspondence.

 

Members

  • Elected members of the Staff Development Committee are expected to attend all Staff Development Committee meetings. Members are expected to maintain communications with peer groups and the Staff Development Committee.

 

Communications

An effort will be made to disseminate information in as many ways as possible. The following newspapers may be used:

Greenfield Recorder, Brattleboro Reformer, Monadnock Reformer, Keene Sentinel, Monadnock Ledger, Monadnock Shopper News.

In addition, information will be posted on the SAU website and the minutes of each meeting will be posted in each of the schools in the district. Reports may also be made through local PTA organizations, advisory committees, student councils, and faculty meetings.

Workshop announcements will be faxed to each school ensuring that the information is available to all staff in a timely manner. School representatives are expected to disseminate workshop announcements as soon as possible to each staff member within the building.

 

Special Committees

A simple majority vote is required by the Staff Development Committee in any action recommended by a special committee.

 

Changes in the Master Plan

Amendments to the Master Plan MUST be adopted by a majority of the total Staff Development Committee provided that these materials have been introduced in writing at the preceding regular meeting and that copies of the proposed amendments have been distributed to all Staff Development Committee members. Amendments approved by the Staff Development Committee shall be submitted to the Superintendent of Schools, the SAU #38 board, and the State Department of Education for final approval.

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 8

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE (Requirement 1)

School Administrative Unit (SAU) #38 has established a professional development program that meets both the individual and institutional needs of the three districts comprising SAU #38. Student performance and success as revealed in a variety of school-based, district-wide, and state assessments will guide the general program.

Ongoing Training

The SAU recognizes that the training of staff must be ongoing in order to ensure that the various needs of students and the teachers who are teaching them are met. We are particularly concerned that teachers have the support they need as they modify their individual curricula to the district curriculum plans, which have been aligned with the state frameworks. The district also wishes to provide ongoing support as teachers try new and/or innovative techniques in the school or classroom to engage students who are not currently being successful in our schools.

Staff Member Involvement

A professional development model like this one involves staff members in planning, implementation, and assessment of the programs; provides a variety of activities; carefully conducts needs assessments; and offers a number of methods of delivery of the content for the teacher to assimilate. This model places a high priority on staff development as an integral part of the school program.

Developed by the SAU #38 staff development committee, this plan represents the work of a number of constituent groups. Teachers, administrators, and school board members have been involved in the process of reflecting on and helping to develop the professional development master plan for this SAU. Each of these groups is a stakeholder in the children’s education and consequently in the professional development of staff members.

Goal Setting

These three groups, along with community members, have been instrumental in developing goals for the three districts. Because the SAU is comprised of three separate K-12 districts with different goals, the priorities represented by the goals in each district may be different.

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 9

GOAL SETTING (Requirement 2)

In the SAU #38 staff development master plan, the professional development goals of staff members will be connected to the goals of the individual schools and the school districts (figure 1).

The districts use the following process to establish goals that guide the direction of education:

School Goals

a) Each school establishes goals based on students’ progress on various formal and informal assessment instruments. Established cooperatively among the staff members (administrators, teachers, and instructional aides) of each school, the goals represent concerns about student progress for the entire school. Parents also provide input on these goals through the various parent organizations.

District Goals

b) Administrators in the district and district councils discuss the individual school goals. Based on the common issues that emerge, these two groups establish a set of recommended goals, which they share with staff members for feedback.

c) Once these goals have been agreed to, the individual school boards with their administrators meet to review the recommendations of staff members and seek the feedback and involvement of the community to adopt a set of goals that will serve as the district goals. Because these goals are based on students’ progress at the school level, they focus on the improvement of students’ learning in the district.

d) These goals then provide the educational direction for the three districts and serve as the basis for professional development plans.

SAU Goals

e) The SAU #38 Staff Development Committee will establish SAU goals based on data from the three districts and input from staff members. These goals will be submitted for approval by the SAU board.

Appeal Process

f) When a staff member’s professional development goals are deemed by a supervisor not to be aligned with school or district goals, the staff member may choose to revise the goals in question, eliminate them, or appeal the decision to the next level (the Superintendent of Schools). If school or district goals are changed or expanded during a staff member’s three-year recertification cycle, he or she may adjust his or her three-year plan, but will not be required to do so for the duration of the plan. The decision of the Superintendent will be final.

Commitment to Ongoing Support - In order to connect the school and district goals with staff members’ three-year professional development plans and to keep the focus on continuous professional development and school improvement, the Staff Development Committee, the Director of Curriculum and Instruction, and the administrators in the individual buildings recommend and/or plan activities that, whenever possible, include ongoing coaching and guidance during the implementation of an initiative in the classroom setting. Professional development opportunities are communicated to staff members via a newsletter published regularly by the Director of Curriculum and Instruction, other district-wide and SAU-wide communiqués, and messages from the principals of individual buildings.

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 10

Figure 1
SAU #38

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 11

IDENTIFYING STUDENT LEARNING NEEDS (Requirements 3, 4, 5)

Assessment Instruments

As part of a comprehensive assessment program, multiple assessments contribute to our understanding of the student as a three-dimensional learner and individual. The central instrument in the SAU is the state assessment. The staff, administration, school board, and the community analyze its results. Areas of concern are identified by building and district-wide staff members. Staff and administrators develop action plans to focus on for the upcoming year. In addition, work is ongoing in the four main curriculum areas to align the curriculum with the state frameworks and to assess formatively the benchmarks established at different grade levels. The assessments developed are reviewed by the curriculum committees and revised to reflect changes in the curriculum prompted by the ongoing needs of the students (figure 2).

As part of a comprehensive assessment program, a range and variety of instruments are also used to assess the needs of students. They include formal and informal assessments with open-ended, objective, and essay questions for diagnostic and remedial purposes. The administrative teams and the district councils evaluate these instruments on a regular basis to determine if they continue to assess students’ progress.

Data-Gathering Process

The data-gathering process begins at the school level, where appropriate staff members administer many of the assessments listed above. The information is compiled by these individuals or by independent groups associated with the company offering the test and then returned to the individual schools, where teams of teachers (or departments at the high schools) analyze the results and focus on goal setting and program modifications based on the data collected. The decisions at the school level are not made in isolation, but are affected by teachers’ observations and experiences and district concerns. At staff meetings the staff as a whole make decisions about identified needs at that level.

Since some of the assessments are district-wide (such as the Gates-MacGinitie reading assessment and the California Achievement Test, as well as the state assessment), these results are examined collectively with the administrative team, the Director of Curriculum and Instruction, the Superintendent of Schools and/or the Assistant Superintendent for Winchester and Hinsdale School Districts, and a district council consisting of teachers and administrators to make decisions about district-wide curricular and program decisions.

Basis of Goal Setting

The collected and analyzed data, which are derived from both school and district assessments, result in specific strategies to be implemented within individual schools or throughout the district. They become the basis of measurable school and district goals, which may remain for more than one year. The expectation is that improvement of students’ performance in the identified areas will not necessarily be evident immediately, but may require remediation over a period of time.

Analysis and Communication

The results of the instruments used throughout the school district at various levels are compiled and cross-referenced to determine areas of concern. The results are analyzed in each school by staff members and administrators and are shared district-wide. Parents are informed of the results and also have the opportunity to provide feedback and suggestions for improvement. The information is disseminated through the school and community newsletters and at parent conferences/open houses and parent meetings.

Use of Assessment Instruments

These instruments are used to assess the extent to which professional development activities specifically targeting particular areas are having a positive effect on student learning. In addition, anecdotal observation feedback is sought throughout the year as staff members are involved in ongoing curricular projects in the schools and districts to determine their impact on student learning outcomes. Some of the curricular work pursued in the district is long-term and the

formative assessment of the efforts may demonstrate incremental student progress. The expectation is that the district will observe continuous growth in students (as well as ongoing development among the staff engaged in these activities).

The change process that results from using indicators of student performance to drive goal-setting and staff development and then, in turn, using assessments to determine the success of the changes will be ongoing. Structures such as teacher study groups and collaborative action research will be in place to analyze issues, solve problems, and provide support for staff members as they are dealing with change. In turn, they will continually be sensitive to the need for change and apprise administrators and district councils of those needs. In addition, parents and community members will be brought in through various forums to consider the needed changes and provide input to the staff members about the changes.

Sample Instruments Used in SAU #38

In addition to the state assessments, which each school district analyzes in light of the curriculum work the staff members have been involved with, various schools and districts utilize standardized tests (such as the California Achievement Test and the Gates-MacGinitie reading assessment), observation surveys, reading screenings, writing samples, EPSF, LAC (Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization) test, student portfolios, ASVAB tests, a senior project, and many other assessment instruments. Assessment instruments are evaluated on an ongoing basis in order to offer an effective repertoire of instruments in a comprehensive assessment program.

 

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (Requirement 6)

In each of the three districts in SAU #38, teachers and administrators have been intentionally reviewing the district curriculum and aligning it with the standards in the state frameworks. To support this effort, assessment instruments are also being examined and/or developed to evaluate the revised curricula to determine their effectiveness as they are implemented in the classroom.

Curriculum weaknesses will be identified through informal teacher observations and locally developed subject-area assessments, standardized student evaluations, and the state assessment. Curriculum study groups and other team structures in each building will examine the identified weaknesses and the district councils and administrative teams will be engaged in ongoing problem-solving processes. They will recommend curriculum revisions and professional development support to the Director of Curriculum and Instruction for presentation to the SAU staff development committee. The staff development committee works with district administrators, district councils, and teachers in the local buildings to develop a professional development program to address the curriculum weaknesses. Various assessments will confirm the success in remedying these deficiencies.


Figure 2

Staff Development Master Plan - 13

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 14

TEACHER COMPETENCIES (Requirement 7)

Although professional development in the subject areas is important, it is also essential to strengthen teacher competencies outlined in the core requirements in ED 610.02 of the state regulations. Teachers entering the profession are expected to have these competencies, which are refined during their years as teachers. The competencies are met through the application of the seven components (knowledge of subject; character-and-citizenship education; professional skills; knowledge of learners and learning; knowledge of the school’s role, organization, and operation; exploratory or innovative activities; and the integration of technology).

The competencies include knowledge of the following:

  1. the processes of human growth, development, and learning throughout the lifespan;
  2. different methods of classroom management;
  3. character-and-citizenship development;
  4. knowledge and competencies needed to educate exceptional children;
  5. knowledge of various methods of teaching, including the assessment of student progress;
  6. knowledge of the sociological, historical, and philosophical foundations of education;
  7. knowledge of the legal rights and responsibilities of educators;
  8. knowledge of those techniques requisite for teaching those reading, communication, study, and problem-solving skills essential for mastery of content;
  9. effective communication with teachers, parents, administrators, and students;
  10. the appropriate educational use and integration of technology in the classroom (including technology, such as multi-media technology, other than computers).

Teacher Competency Identification and Development

Teacher competencies are identified in a variety of ways — through such processes as the teacher supervision process (including the observations of staff members’ performance), peer coaching and mentoring processes, and staff surveys provided by the staff development committee. The data gathered through formal and informal observations as well as needs surveys are reviewed by administrators at the building and district levels to determine both individual and group needs for professional development. These needs are addressed by ongoing support of peers and administrators at the building level with support from the district via the Director of Curriculum and Instruction and the staff development committee.

The teacher, for example, may have identified deficiencies in the competency of educating exceptional children during a self-reflection process and/or through an ongoing relationship with a mentor, a peer coach, or an administrator. The teacher and supervisor will develop a plan for strengthening the competency, the success of which may be assessed by observations of actual performance in the classroom, improved results on student exhibitions and assessments, and/or the staff members’ own reflections in a log. If a competency issue is evident among a number of staff members, the administrators will work with the staff development committee to provide coaching opportunities, workshops on a variety of methodologies to teach exceptional children, and ongoing efforts to revise school and district curricula to better meet the needs of these students. Performance of the targeted student population, observations of students and teachers, and teacher surveys will determine the success of the professional development program.

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 15

THREE-YEAR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS & ACCEPTABLE ACTIVITIES (Requirement 8)

Because of the diverse professional development needs of certified staff members, it is necessary to establish a professional development plan that acknowledges differences. The state regulations specify two plans.

Plan 1

I. PROCESS

  1. Every staff member must complete a three-year staff development plan before he or she will be able to earn credit hours for professional development activities. It will begin at the beginning of the three-year certification cycle and conclude in the spring of the final year of the staff member’s certification cycle. Clock hours accrued after renomination and/or reelection by the School Board (no earlier than April 1) may be counted toward the next three (3) year recertification cycle, which will commence on July 1 of that same calendar year. The plan will require educators to earn a minimum of 75 hours (figure 3).
    1. Thirty (30) of the hours must be focused on the area of certification.
    2. Forty-five (45) of the hours should be connected to school and district goals, which evolve from assessments of student performance. With the approval of the staff member’s supervisor, goals not directly related to school, district, or SAU goals may be included.
    3. Staff members are encouraged to earn hours in the area of knowledge of learners and learning.

  2. For each area of certification beyond the first one, staff members will be required to earn 30 hours beyond the 75. Thus, an educator with two areas of certification will need to earn a total of 105 hours and 3 areas a total of 135.

  3. When an educator has three or more areas of certification, she or he may petition the superintendent, who will determine if the educator warrants an extension of her or his three-year cycle, and will, if necessary, petition the state department for an extension of the educator’s individual professional program.


Figure 3

First Area of Certification

30 hours

Second Area of Certification

30 hours

Third Area of Certification

30 hours

45 hours required

Focus on school, district, and/or SAU goals

Knowledge of Learners and Learning encouraged

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 16

II. Activities

The hours may be earned through a variety of professional development activities (figure 4):

  1. Ongoing Professional Development Support Activities and Projects — The new professional development plan encourages staff members to participate in ongoing professional development activities rather than focusing primarily on workshops, conferences, and courses that tend to be more removed from the classroom and school where staff members’ professional development may have an impact on student performance. These job-embedded activities include committee work, ongoing study groups, educational peer coaching, and mentoring.

    These activities are likely to be connected with curriculum development. All staff members are encouraged to be involved with curriculum development at the classroom-level, school level, district-level, and/or SAU-level. They are the curriculum designers working with the building administrators and the Director of Curriculum and Instruction in order to improve the curriculum for their classroom and to be aware of and understand the curriculum for the district. Staff development credit for curriculum development is awarded to staff through involvement in ongoing, job-embedded professional development support activities and projects.

    Job-embedded projects are those that occur as teachers and administrators are engaged in their daily activities and that result in increased skill and knowledge needed to assist students to perform more effectively. Such projects connect "learning to the immediate and real-life problems faced by teachers and administrators" (A New Vision for Staff Development, Sparks and Hirsh, 1997). Job-embedded projects result from identified areas of need evolving from assessments of student performance translated into school and/or district goals.

    While working on these projects, staff members engage in a process of sharing their learning, reflecting on their work experiences to reveal new understanding, and listening to colleagues sharing best practices while trying out new programs or planning or implementing a project. Job-embedded projects fit well with study group activities, although study groups are not required to facilitate these projects. Job-embedded projects may involve projects such as a curriculum development activity at the school level, a coaching process designed to solve issues with curriculum and/or instruction, or a mentoring project for a new teacher.

    All of the activities in this general category require the completion of a two-step proposal process. The first step is to submit a proposal before the project begins by completing the upper portion of the proposal form, to be approved by the staff member’s supervisor(s). The second step, after the individual or group work is completed, is to resubmit the proposal form with the lower portion completed.

    Staff members who are working collectively (such as a study group) and would like professional development hours may complete a single proposal form for the group.

    1. Study Group — Study groups for teachers and staff members may be established in buildings to address ongoing issues identified by local and district assessments of students’ performance. The study groups may serve a variety of purposes — to "study the professional literature and reflect on it, engage in staff development together, use peer coaching to support [staff members’] transfer of skills and content to the workplace, and conduct a joint study of what is happening in their classrooms and the initiatives made by the faculty working as a whole" (The Self-Renewing School; Joyce, Wolf, and Calhoun; 1993).

      To address issues at the school level and/or district level, staff members and/or administrators may form study groups. Topics for study groups could range from instructional methods and curriculum content to school-wide practices such as block scheduling, looping, and multi-age classrooms. District curriculum committees are not included under study groups. All study group projects must be accompanied by a written proposal developed by the group and must be approved by the staff members, supervisors and/or the Director of Curriculum and Instruction, if the project is a district-level project. The results of all projects must be available to other staff members. The goals of the project must be clearly stated. Objectives, activities, and assessment procedures must accompany the project proposal.

      All projects must relate to the school’s and/or the district’s goals and must be designed to provide support of staff members as they work directly to improve students’ performance.

    2. Educational Peer Coaching — Teachers who are peer coaching are involved in cooperative activities with other educators that result in increased learning for both parties. The process of peer coaching is ongoing and lasts at least a year. Staff members will provide a written proposal of the peer coaching activity and document the work involved. The maximum number of hours shall be limited to 20 hours during any three-year certification period. The maximum number of hours shall be limited to 20 hours during any three-year certification period.
    3. Action Research — Action research is a form of disciplined inquiry that involves educators in a process of selecting a focus, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting the data, and taking action. The research conducted in SAU #38 must focus on the improvement of student learning. It may be either collaborative or individual. The maximum number of hours shall be limited to 20 hours during any three-year certification period.
    4. Mentoring — When experienced educators are working with beginning educators to strengthen their job-related skills and to enable them to be more successful in the position, they are involved in mentoring the beginning teacher. This process may include an analysis of classroom activities and skills and proficiencies; the identification of strengths and weaknesses; the support of, guidance for, and feedback to staff members; and the sharing of resources, insights, practices, and materials. Staff members will provide a written proposal of the mentoring activity and document the work involved. The maximum number of hours shall be limited to 15 hours during any three-year certification period.
    5. Student Teaching/Methods Class/Practicum — When teachers are working with college students involved in a methods class/practicum or preparing to become teachers, they may earn hours toward recertification. Staff members will document the work involved. The maximum number of hours shall be limited to 15 hours during any three-year certification period.
    6. Committee Work — For the purposes of this professional development master plan, committee work is defined as district committees (such as the Curriculum Coordinating Team, a language arts committee, or a technology committee). Staff members are encouraged to participate on district committees. The maximum number of hours shall be limited to 20 hours during any three-year certification period.
    7. Exploratory or Innovative Activities — With the approval of the supervisor, a staff member may pursue either collaboratively or independently other job-embedded activities not identified above. Staff members may earn up to 20 hours of staff development credit for work in this area.

  2. Course Work, Workshops, Seminars, Etc. — Teachers may also work on workshops, conferences, and graduate course work. For district workshops, staff members are required to sign the sheet at the workshop in order to document participation in the workshop. Out-of-district workshops, conferences, and coursework require the completion of activity approval forms. Please note the maximum number of hours available for these activities.

    1. Collegiate or Graduate Course Work — In most cases, any college or university course to be considered should be a graduate course at an approved college or university. In order to receive credit, a staff member must complete the course and receive a grade of at least a ‘B’. Courses should be applicable to the field of education. The maximum number of hours for each course shall be 40 hours.

      Staff members working on an advanced degree must have their programs approved by the SAU #38 office prior to enrolling in a course if they are seeking to have these credits count for recertification. Courses that have not been approved in advance may not be accepted for recertification credit.

      An activity form must be submitted with a transcript on completion of the course.

    2. Audited Courses — An audited course must have the prior approval of the professor who, at the completion of the class, will indicate in writing to the SAU #38 office that all course requirements have been completed. A maximum of 40 hours toward recertification will be awarded. If the staff member chooses not to complete all course requirements, the professor will indicate in writing how many hours that staff member attended classes. A maximum of 20 hours can be awarded toward recertification.
    3. Workshops — In-service education and workshops are those activities that are sponsored and wholly or partially subsidized by SAU #38, other SAUs, or educational institutions. Staff members will receive credit for a workshop for the number of hours in attendance.

      Staff members will be required to sign an attendance sheet to document participation at district or SAU workshops. Staff members will need to complete an activity form for out-of-district workshops.

    4. Seminars, Institutes, Conferences — Credit for attendance at a seminar, institute, or conference will be determined by the supervisors. The number of hours for recertification credit shall be limited to the actual number of contact hours. Staff members will need to complete an activity form for seminars, institutes, and conferences.
    5. Workshop Presenter — A staff member selected to conduct an in-school workshop may receive recertification credit for the actual time of the workshop and preparation time. Preparation time will be awarded at the discretion of the supervisor. If the staff member is presenting the same workshop more than one time, he or she may request hours only for one presentation.

  3. Other Activities — The following activities will require prior approval by the supervisor(s). Please note the maximum number of hours available for these activities.

    1. Sabbatical — Currently, sabbatical leave policies exist within SAU #38 and such policies include requirements and forms to be completed. See your district contract for additional details.
    2. Observations — Staff members may earn credit for observing other staff members either in their own schools or in other schools. Only the observers may earn hours for the actual observation, although both parties may earn hours for pre- and post-observation meetings. Such observations must support the goals in the individual Staff Development plan and/or the school or district goals. Supervisors in the buildings approve these observations. Pre-approval by the staff member’s supervisor is required. An activity form needs to be completed.
    3. Travel — In order to qualify for recertification credit, it is expected that any travel by a staff member will be conducted during vacation periods. All travel proposals should be submitted well in advance and must be approved by the staff member’s supervisors. The itinerary for the proposed travel shall be included in the original proposal. The objectives must be clearly stated and an indication of how such travel relates to the teacher’s professional goals and needs included. The proposal shall indicate the type of report that shall be made if it is to include other media. Upon returning, the teacher shall submit evidence of his/her experience on an activity approval form.

Staff members should indicate in the proposal the number of hours they anticipate receiving. The number of credit hours awarded the project will be determined when the project is completed, to a maximum of 20 hours during any three-year certification period.

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 20


Figure 4

Ongoing Professional Development Support Activities and Projects

(Job-embedded activities: occur as staff are engaged in daily activities and result in increased skill and knowledge to assist students to perform effectively)

* Study Groups

* Educational Peer Coaching

* Action Research

* Mentoring

* Student Teaching/Methods/Practicum

* Committee Work

* Exploratory or Innovative Activities

Course Work, Workshops, Seminars, Etc.

* Collegiate or Graduate Course Work

* Audited Courses

* Seminars, Institutes, Conferences * Workshops

* Workshop Presenter

Other Activities

* Sabbatical

* Observations of other staff members

* Travel

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 21

Plan 2

Alternative to professional Development Plan

  1. A staff member may choose an alternative independent professional development plan. In cooperation with the staff member’s supervisor, she or he develops a comprehensive three-year plan. This plan and subsequent activities emerges from the staff member’s reflection on student needs as identified in school and/or district goals. The staff member establishes goals to be achieved during the three-year cycle, a connected program developed to meet the goals, and a plan to assess the success of the program (including assessment of students’ performance).
  2. The staff member is not required to record hours, but should maintain an ongoing log of the progress made.
  3. The staff member meets with her or his supervisor(s) at the beginning of the three-year cycle to develop the plan, which is approved by the SAU office.
  4. He or she is then expected to meet twice a year with supervisors to discuss the progress made.
  5. At the end of each year the staff member submits a document reflecting on the work she or he has been focusing on and to determine the need for modifying goals for the ensuing year.
  6. At the discretion of the building administrator, the staff member may wish to pursue this process in lieu of the staff member’s evaluation plan.
  7. A sample model for this alternative plan, provided by the State Department of Education, is available in each school in SAU #38 and in the office of the Director of Curriculum and Instruction. Plans, however, vary, but all of them should have an effect on student performance. The staff member is encouraged to take risks as part of this plan and to be supported by the SAU to enable the staff member to receive training and free up time for him or her to plan and implement the activity or program. If a staff member is working with other staff members to implement a comprehensive character education model, for example, she or he needs the latitude to receive traditional training through workshops, conferences, and/or courses; to oversee the planning with staff members; to visit classrooms in his or her school or other schools; to work with staff members on the implementation of the program; and to focus on the methods of evaluation.

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 22

PROVISIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL EDUCATOR GROWTH AND SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT (Requirement 9)

In the seminal work, The Reflective Practitioner, Donald Schon (1983) identifies two types of reflection in the "reflective conversation" — reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. Both of these reflective processes are important for the practitioner dealing with "the materials or problematic situations that are puzzling, troubling and uncertain" (p. 40). Reflection-in-action is the type of reflection that people use while they are working. As educators, in particular, become more experienced, they become more facile with reflection-in-action, using it to solve problems and address ongoing issues. Reflection-on-action is the type of reflection we engage in after an activity or series of events. It is an ongoing process that proceeds throughout an educator's career and serves multiple purposes - helping to place issues into perspective, to set professional goals, and to inform professional practice.

Self-Assessment and Reflection

These reflection tools are important aspects of self-assessment, which is an important part of educators’ professional development plans. Staff members view themselves critically and make decisions based on what they have learned in action and on action. The process involves more than completing a single checklist, but requires an ongoing, in-depth, and reflective examination throughout staff members’ careers. Self-assessment in SAU #38 is formalized through the forms for approval and evaluation of activities, the professional growth plan, and the supervisory process.

Supervision and Educator Growth

As part of the supervisory process in schools throughout SAU #38, staff members engage in reflection-on-action on their professional growth and development and set goals for ongoing improvement in identified areas (Figure 5). They meet with their supervisors annually to assess their progress toward meeting their professional development goals, the school and district goals, and the criteria for effective teaching in each school district.

Individual Plans

During the meetings the staff members and supervisors determine the needs to address during the upcoming year and adjust goals for professional development, as required. They then consider the means of remediating the needs by focusing on a range of options. Staff members may choose to work on improvement in specific areas independently or in collaboration with other professionals. Individuals may want to use such activities as reflective journals and/or portfolios of their work and progress during the year, videotapes and audiotapes of their classes, and the reading of books on areas identified during the annual supervisory meetings. These approaches encourage staff members to reflect-in-action and on-action.

Collaborative Plans

Other staff members may benefit from a collaborative approach, in which they reflect on their progress toward meeting their goals and the goals of the school and district. Examples of this approach include peer coaching and small groups that meet to discuss practices and ideas. The team approach may be more likely to encourage reflection-on-action than reflection-in-action. Peer coaching may encourage both forms of reflection, with the peer observing the other's work, assisting with problem solving, and modeling reflection-in-action.

For teachers new to the school district, mentors are provided to support their integration into the new environments and/or professional assignments. The mentors observe staff members' work, provide feedback to their mentees, are models for effective practice, and enable staff members to actively reflect-in-action and reflect-on-action.

Improvement Plan

Whatever approach staff members adopt to focus on their goals and needs, they will receive training and support. After staff members identify areas in need of work, they and their supervisor(s) plan a professional development program; the district councils, the Director of Curriculum and Instruction, and the SAU staff development committee work with the staff members and supervisors to support these professional development programs. Both teachers and administrators are utilized to facilitate job-embedded activities and share their experiences with staff members from throughout the district. Workshops, conferences, and/or courses continue to be offered to support ongoing activities and individual professional development needs of staff members.

Staff Development Committee Communication

The staff development committee communicates opportunities for professional development on a regular basis. Vehicles for communication include flyers and district newsletters; reports from staff development committee members and staff representatives overseeing various groups (such as study groups); and communiqués on the SAU website. Opportunities for learning on-line and simulated lessons are actively pursued and utilized.

Use of Assessment Results

Administrators at the school and district levels compile the results of assessments as they are administered and forward the results to the district councils and the staff development committee. The results are tracked and used to determine the success of professional development activities over a period of time. School, district, and/or SAU goals reflect the areas of need in order to improve students’ learning.

Staff Development Funds/Time

The staff development committee has funds for SAU-wide staff development activities. At the discretion of administrators, in collaboration with staff members, staff development funds available at individual schools are allocated for job-embedded activities and workshops according to the identified needs of staff members, who work collaboratively with supervisors on the use of these funds. Since SAU #38 adheres to the philosophy of site-based management, the individual schools are primarily responsible for both the decision-making process and the allocation of funds (figure 5). Staff members are also entitled by the negotiated agreement to receive reimbursement for coursework and workshops. Grant money focuses on ongoing inservice activities in the district. Administrators and teachers (particularly those directly involved and the district teams) participate in the planning of grants and the allocation of funds.

The individual schools, school districts, and the SAU provide time for staff members to engage in both ongoing and single-event staff development opportunities through flexible scheduling in the schools, substitute coverage, and release time. The SAU staff development committee and administrators recognize the challenge of time to pursue activities in the schools and make it a priority to enable staff members to participate in activities to improve student learning.





Figure 5

SUPERVISION AND EDUCATOR GROWTH



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Figure 6

Site-Based Management and Professional Development

Thirty (30) hours must be earned in each area of certification. Because of the importance of this area for the success of staff members, all certified staff members are expected to continue to remain up-to-date in their fields. In addition, staff members must also remain current in the corollary area of knowledge of the learners and learning in order to serve the students in their charge as effectively as possible.

Professional Development Goals & Supervision

Staff members are required to include two goals on the professional growth plan: one focuses on the knowledge of the subject area(s) and the other on knowledge of learners and learning. During the ongoing supervisory process in each building, staff members reflect on their progress in these two areas and discuss various perceptions with their supervisors at the annual conferences. Part of this process may also include staff members’ researching best practices through publications, memberships, workshops, and/or coursework. Staff members are encouraged to establish partnerships or teams with other staff members in their fields of specialization (or experts in the field outside of the school district) and/or in their grade levels. The subsequent reflection on staff members’ progress in these two areas may include peer comments and observations. The administrators at the building level will facilitate these partnerships and monitor their progress. They are also watching for patterns of concern rather than isolated issues in these two areas.

Building-Level Support

Supervisors and/or staff members may believe that they need to focus on particular aspects of these two areas (as a result of the supervisory process, the staff members’ self-reflection, observations by the peers and/or the supervisors, and various assessments) in order to meet the learning needs of students more effectively. They, therefore, may establish peer coaches or mentors with more direction from the supervisors than the partnerships identified earlier. Supervisors themselves may also want to work to remediate areas of concern in this area. Workshops, conferences, and/or coursework may also be recommended to assist with certain areas of concern.

District Support

The administrators in the buildings regularly update progress to the district councils and the Director of Curriculum and Instruction, who reports areas in need of support to the SAU staff development committee. Although most issues are addressed at the building level, the district councils (with the support of the Director of Curriculum and Instruction) and the staff development committee work with the administrators to deal with concerns. Data from various assessments throughout the year are also tracked to determine if more intensive work on a large-scale basis needs to occur.

If, for example, assessments reveal that staff members in one grade level are struggling with the teaching of writing, building-level administrators and district teams would work with teachers in that grade level (and earlier grade levels as well) to establish a plan to incorporate support on an ongoing basis at the building level and workshops on the subject of writing and on the needs of learners as they are developing in order to address this concern. Subsequent assessments, observations by peers and supervisors, portfolios, and the completion of staff development forms are examples of tools being used to determine the effectiveness of any professional development plan.

Staff Development Master Plan - 27

ONGOING EVALUATION COMPONENT (Requirement 11)

The professional development master plan is founded on the premises that professional development is based on student performance and is assessed by student performance. To have an impact on student performance on an ongoing basis, the program features job-embedded activities such as teacher study groups, peer coaching, and mentoring. The process that the SAU staff development committee uses to evaluate the appropriateness, effectiveness, and implementation of the district and individual professional development plans and the connection of professional development events with student learning must keep these premises in mind.

CIPP Evaluation Model

According to Daniel Stufflebeam (1983), "the most important purpose of program evaluation is not to prove but to improve." The CIPP model that he proposes focuses on improvement of a program and provides an effective structure for the evaluation of the staff development program.

CIPP is an acronym for the four components of the model. The ‘C’ stands for context and is designed to assess the planning decisions of the program. The ‘I’ — input evaluation — demands the examination of "studies that identify and assess the relative merits of alternative project decisions" — i.e., the decisions on the intended structure of the program. The initial ‘P’ — process evaluation — guides and assesses the implementation of the program structure and plan, and the final ‘P’ — product evaluation — serves as a tool to determine the need to continue, modify, or end the program. More often than not, the final ‘P’ represents the type of evaluation — summative in nature — that we have become accustomed to in education.

This model is truly designed to be an evaluation tool for decision-makers, providing them with guidance and ongoing records. As such, each phase may lead to the next or may be recursive and thus necessitate returning to a previous one.

Context and Input Evaluation

Context and input evaluation have been the early tasks of the staff development committee. The committee reflected on the current context for professional development, the nature of staff development in the SAU, and the current concerns of staff members. From this process the committee established goals for the planning and implementation of the new staff development plan and a timeline to meet those goals. A thorough knowledge of the state requirements through readings and workshops as well as independent research of the literature available on staff development, assessment, curriculum development, and staff supervision supported this preparatory period. Both context and input evaluation will be revisited during the implementation phase of the master plan.

Process Evaluation

Much of the implementation phase of the staff development master plan requires process evaluation. In this phase the staff development committee and the Director of Curriculum and Instruction (as well as administrators and district teams) are able to gain valuable and ongoing insights into the progress and success of the implementation of the staff development plan. As they follow the plan and embedded procedures entailed in it, ongoing data is being generated to "provide guidance for modifying and explicating the plan as needed, since not all aspects of a plan can be determined in advance and since some of the initial decisions may later prove to be flawed" (Stufflebeam. 1983). The information that comes from this process evaluation can provide a visible record of the direction the staff development plan is taking, the costs incurred, and the quality of the overall effort. It also provides direction for effective evaluation of the individual and master plan.

Documents - The process evaluation is initially engaged in throughout the year through the documentation of activities by staff members. The documentation includes an assessment of the effectiveness of the ongoing activities. The district councils and the local administrators review the documentation and use the data to assess the extent to which the professional development

activities are focusing on school and district goals. At the end of each school year the staff development committee conducts a staff survey to evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of all activities and programs to meet school and district goals and improve student performance. The survey determines the value and quality of the programs and activities, their connection to school and/or district and/or SAU goals, and the extent to which they have an effect on staff members’ performance and student learning. This information, along with the activity forms that staff members complete, helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various programs and is shared with district teams and administrators to be used along with assessment instruments to develop goals and activities (and to guide three-year plans).

Supervisory Options - During the supervisory process staff members’ professional development plans are also reviewed on an ongoing basis. A variety of instruments, which both staff members and supervisors examine and discuss, may be used during this process. Among the options to review staff members’ progress toward meeting their professional growth plans are self assessment; administrator and peer observations of the teacher’s and students’ performances; and/or a portfolio during the life of the plan, compiled by the staff member and including various documents and artifacts for the activities along with the assessment of the various activities. These options are developed collaboratively between the staff members and their supervisors.

Product Evaluation

All of the documentation gathered during the process evaluation will contribute to the product evaluation — the accountability phase of the CIPP model. The district councils and the staff development committee with the technical support of the Director of Curriculum and Instruction make judgments on an annual basis about the ability of the plan to meet the needs of professional development in the district. The data gathered determine if the SAU continues the implementation of the master plan as currently written or revises it. The culmination of the product evaluation is the development of a new master plan at the end of the five-year process. The results of the product evaluation indicate if the districts and the staff development committee need to return to one of the earlier phases of the CIPP model for more intensive investigation.

Product Evaluation Report - A report by the Director of Curriculum and Instruction on the results of the master plan implementation are presented to the staff development committee, whose members will share the results with staff members and administrators annually. The report is based on the data gathered at the school level, district level, and SAU level. It provides information from assessments, the supervisory process, various staff development artifacts and documents, and other sources. This information may be helpful to the district in developing district goals and is utilized in the development of SAU goals. The report uses the various documents, artifacts, and feedback from staff members and administrators to determine the extent to which professional development events are connected to student learning.

Local Education Improvement Plan (LEIP) - The Local Education Improvement Plan (LEIP), known in the districts of SAU #38 as the District Education Improvement Plan (DEIP), supports this evaluation process, incorporating the goals evolving from the student assessments and the evaluation of the professional development master plan. The effectiveness of the LEIP, in part, is determined by students’ performance on various assessment instruments, the effectiveness of the staff development master plan in addressing student-performance issues, and the results of the evaluation of the master plan and individual plans. The LEIP committee reviews the results, adjusts its goals and plans, and makes recommendations on staff development programs to the staff development committee.

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 29

PROCESS TO ADDRESS CERTIFICATION OF ALL CERTIFIED EMPLOYEES, INCLUDING PARAPROFESSIONALS (Requirement 12)

All staff members, whether or not they are certified, are welcomed to participate in staff development activities in order to more effectively serve the students in their charge. Certified staff members not required to earn 75 clock hours for recertification include nurses and paraprofessionals. Nurses have a separate licensing process, but may choose to complete a long-range plan for staff development and to participate in pertinent activities offered in the district.

Paraprofessionals

Paraprofessionals who are seeking recertification adhere to the following guidelines:

  1. Each paraprofessional must earn 50 hours during the three-year recertification cycle
  2. The 50 hours must be earned in the following seven professional development component areas (with particular focus on areas that best serve their working with the students in their charge):
    1. knowledge of subject;
    2. character and citizenship education;
    3. professional skills;
    4. knowledge of learners and learning;
    5. knowledge of the school’s role, organization, and operation;
    6. exploratory or innovative activities
    7. integration of technology in the school.
  3. At the beginning of the paraprofessional’s three-year cycle, she or he meets with the teacher(s) supervising the paraprofessional and the principal to develop a three-year recertification plan. That plan is approved by the principal and updated as needed.
  4. The plan is reviewed during the supervisory process. Its success is determined by the extent to which it enables the staff member to perform his or her duties effectively and supports the learning of the students she or he is involved with.
  5. Paraprofessionals may avail themselves of any activities (including job-embedded activities) available to other staff members.

 

 

Staff Development Master Plan - 30

GLOSSARY

  • Action Research — Action research (collaborative or individual) is a form of disciplined inquiry that involves educators in a process of selecting a focus, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting the data, and taking action.
  • CIPP Evaluation Model — This comprehensive evaluation model provides program evaluation from the inception of a project or program and continues throughout the life of the program. Its strength is that it focuses on both formative and summative evaluation of the program. ‘C’ stands for Context, ‘I’ for Input, ‘P’ for Product, and ‘P’ for Process.
  • Committee Work — For the purposes of this professional development master plan, committee work is defined as district committees - such as the Curriculum Coordinating Team, a language arts committee, or a technology committee.
  • District Councils — Each district has a district council. These councils consist of staff members and administrators from each building. They are involved in the development and evaluation of professional development activities, review assessment results, and work with administrators to develop curriculum.
  • Educational Peer Coaching — Peer coaching is cooperative activities between educators that result in increased learning for both parties.
  • Job-Embedded Activities — These activities occur as teachers and administrators are engaged in their daily activities and result in increased skill and knowledge needed to assist students to perform more effectively. Ongoing activities such as study groups, mentoring, educational peer coaching, and curriculum development would be examples of these activities.
  • Mentoring — When experienced educators are working with beginning educators to strengthen their job-related skills and to enable them to be more successful in the position, they are involved in mentoring the beginning teacher.
  • Reflection-in Action and Reflection-on-Action - Donald Schon (1983) identifies two types of reflection in the "reflective conversation" — reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. Reflection-in-action is the type of reflection that people use while they are engaged in the activities of their work and are trying to solve ongoing problems. Reflection-on-action is the type of reflection we engage in after an activity or series of events. This type of reflection helps the practitioner to place issues into perspective, to set professional goals, and to inform professional practice.
  • Study Group — Study groups for teachers and staff members may be established in buildings to address ongoing issues identified by local and district assessments of students’ performance.




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Staff Development Master Plan - 31

 


Staff Development Master Plan — 33

Annotated Bibliography

Birchak, B., Connor, C., et al. (1998). Teacher study groups: Building community through dialogue and

reflection. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

The subtitle of this book written for English teachers, but useful for all educators, underscores the role of teacher study groups in enabling dialogue and reflection among teachers. The authors acknowledge the challenges of finding time to be reflective and engage in meaningful conversations in the educational setting; they contend that study groups provide a forum for these important activities to occur. The book explores the nature and formation of study groups, their organization and facilitation, and the issues members of the groups may confront.

 

Bonstingl, J.J. (1992). Schools of quality: An introduction to total quality management in education.

Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

This introduction to total quality management emphasizes the role that TQM can play in establishing processes for continuous improvement of individuals and the schools. The second edition of this book provides examples of the use of TQM to improve student learning and professional development for staff members. The "Five Personal Practices of Quality," according to Bonstingl, include 1) leadership, 2) partnership, 3) systems thinking and systems action, 4) process orientation, and 5) constant dedication to continuous improvement.

 

Callan, M.F., and Hall, G.C. (1985). Staff development. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappan.

This collection of articles is part of an exemplary practice series sponsored by the Center on Evaluation, Development, Research (CEDR). The articles focus on staff development as a means of improving schools. The authors adhere to the idea that staff development should be an integral part of the school environment rather than solely a series of single-event training sessions. The articles in the book are organized under four separate sections — 1) designing effective staff development programs, 2) exemplary staff development practices (further divided into general practices; writing, reading, and math; teachers training teachers; and administrator training), 3) evaluating staff development programs, and 4) implementing staff development into the school culture. Although some of the research in this collection is dated, the concepts support the staff development master plans being developed in the state of New Hampshire.

 

Danielson, C. (1996). Enhancing professional practice: A framework for teaching. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Charlotte Danielson provides a framework for teaching that incorporates four domains — 1) planning and preparation, 2) classroom environment, 3) instruction, and 4) professional responsibilities. The domains are not mutually exclusive, but in practice are interrelated. Each of the domains is divided into a number of components. The framework may be useful as a structure for mentoring programs or evaluation models establishing criteria for effective teaching. Danielson’s work has particular applications for those trying to define the components to be identified in knowledge of the subject and in the area of learning and learners.

 

Dillon-Peterson, B. (1981). Staff development/organization development. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

This 1981 ASCD yearbook includes several articles that consider the need to support teachers as they engage in the change process necessary for growth in the individual and institution and to provide a system that will allow for change to occur. The authors connect staff development and organization development, propose effective staff development designs and methods to evaluate, and create an ideal staff development model for the future.

 

Joyce, B. (1990). Changing school culture through staff development: Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Going beyond the contentions of the 1981 yearbook, the 1990 yearbook highlights a variety of authors who are calling for a significant change in education — to be effected through staff development. The articles examine the knowledge base in the areas of staff development and the building of productive cultures; the changing role of the shareholder in North America and in England, Wales, and Australia; and district initiatives that provide opportunities to learn "the curious complexities of cultural change."

 

 

Joyce, B., and Showers, B. (1988). Student achievement through staff development. New York: Longman.

Bruce Joyce and Beverly Showers, foremost scholars in the area of professional development and the concept of coaching during the professional development process, have proposed a system for staff development that will not only ensure a continuous high level of professional growth in individuals, but will also improve student achievement and learning. The system contributes to school improvement and provides more effective curriculum and instruction. The authors explore the central role of curriculum and instruction in the school environment (promoted through study groups, peer coaching, and leadership councils), the bottom line of student growth, the coaching of teaching, good practice, the evaluation of staff development programs, finding time to embed staff development in the workplace, and teacher preparation.

 

Joyce, B., Wolf, J., and Calhoun, E. (1993). The self-renewing school. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

The authors of this short exposition focus on the renewal of the individual and the educational institution by recreating the school and district as an academy, in which the culture of the school is focusing and generating a self-renewing organization for the improvement of student learning. This useful book for educators encourages all staff members to be involved in action research through such activities as study groups and peer coaching. The action research is intended to improve the institution and student learning, both goals of the staff development master plan.

 

Levine, S.L. (1989). Promoting adult growth in schools: The promise of professional development. Boston:

Allyn and Bacon.

Sarah Levine from the Harvard Graduate School draws together the research and practice in the two areas of professional development and adult development to provide a model for professional growth in schools. She begins by providing portraits of teachers and an examination of the context for development, considering both the phase theories and the stage theories of adult development, putting theory into practice by looking at the portraits she developed earlier in the book, and considering the role of the principal and the school environment. She concludes by highlighting promising practices in writing, individual and group supports, and organizational supports. This book provides an effective foundation for examining professional development, adult development, and their connections for both teachers and administrators.

 

Saphier, J., and Gower, R. (1997). The skillful teacher: Building your teaching skills. Acton, MA:

Research for Better Teaching, Inc.

This book has been perennially used in schools to provide a focus for new and veteran teachers to improve their teaching skills. The authors focus on three key concepts — 1) regarding teaching as a whole, 2) recognizing multiple instructional approaches, and 3) matching the approach to the appropriate context. The broad areas discussed in the book include management, instruction, motivation, and curriculum.

 

Schon, D.A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York:

Basic Books.

This seminal work focuses on the role of reflection in improving the practitioner’s performance. Schon particularly focuses on the coupling of reflection that occurs during the act of working (a problem-solving process) and reflection when the practitioner has time to place the actions in perspective and to engage in a "reflective conversation." The practitioner learns through self-discovery and "beginning to do what he does not understand" (p. 85). Schon’s work is particularly useful in the area of self-assessment.

Sparks, D. and Hirsh, S. (1997). A new vision for staff development. Alexandria, VA.: ASCD.

Results-driven education, systems thinking, and constructivism influence the new vision for staff development that the authors are supporting in this book. The vision connects individual and organization development and regards it as ongoing throughout the career of the staff member. It also assumes that all members of the organization, not just teachers, will be involved in this ongoing professional development process. The authors explore job-embedded learning (important in the SAU #38 staff development plan), spreading responsibility for staff development, and the role of staff development in reform efforts.